英文科技论文写作常见介词的用法

发表于 2019年12月21日

在英语中,介词和介词短语的应用是极其广泛的。首先,不及物动词不能直接取得宾语,它只有借助于介词构成动词短语方可取得宾语,这样就形成了不及物动词与介词的固定动词短语。其次,介词本身不能单独作句子成分,它必须和名词连用,构成介词短语之后,方可承担句子成分,这样就构成了介词与名词的固定搭配关系。基于以上原因,学习和掌握介词相对较难,一个比较好的方法就是在学习时不要去四级单词,要记词组,将介词与名词和动词的固定搭配一起记,记得多了,用得多了,就会孰能生巧。

英语介词很多,本文只介绍科技英语中常用的且易混淆的介词和介词短语的用法。

在科技英语中,常用的主要介词如 aboutabovebyforfrominontowith 等和复合介词如 apart fromaway frombecause ofinstead ofout ofregardless ofdue toowing to 等。介词短语主要有以下几种组合形式:名词+介词,如:access toappeal todelight in,形容词+介词,如 aware ofgood atinterested insimilar to,介词+名词(+介词),如 out of turnon demandin proportion to 等为了对比学习,本节主要介绍几组介词及其用法以及应用中的相关注意事项。

1atonin 表示时间意义的用法区别。at 表示时间的一个点,on 表示具斯的某一天,in 表示在某年、某月。如 at eight o'clockon October 11949on Sundaysin1949in last June

2atonin 表示位置意义的用法区别。at 表示在某一点,on 表示在线和面上,in 表示某一范围大些的地点。

1

The substitution takes place at the position of α-carbon atom.

A thin film was formed on the surface of the plate.

The DEAE-Sephacel was eluted with 10 column volumes of a 0200

mmol/L NaCl gradient in the Tris buffer. 

另外表示速度用 at

2The car ran at a speed of 120 miles per hour.

3among between 用法上的区别。两者都是表示“之间”、“中间”的意,但用法上有区别,前者用于三者以上,后者用于“两者之间”。

3

Among all the metalsiron is the most widely used in the daily life.

What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?

between 用于“三者以上”,则表示其中每两者之间的相互关系。

:4Early man did not know how to explain the differece between

gases , solids and liquids.

4)当 bywiththrough 表示“工具”和“手段”时三者才可以互换。

5

He crossed the stream by a little bridge.

They measured the temperature with a new-type instrument.

I learnt of the position through a newspaper advertisement.

5byduringtill until 表示时间上的用法区别。By 表示时间点,不与延续性动词连用,during 表示一段持续时间,till until 在肯定句只与延续性动词连用。

6

You must be back by four o'clock

The sun gives us light during the day.

They work from 6 o'clock in the morning tilluntil2 o'clock in the afternoon.

6forfromthroughwithout ofbecause ofon account of 等介词表示原因,动机或理由。其中 for out of 主要表达动机。

6

The insulant was burned for overheating.

He has done it from a sense of duty.

We lost ourselves through not knowing the way.

With such knowledge and experiencehe is sure to succeed.

The method is quoted out of the literature.

The compound was prepared out of necessity.

Alloys are important because of their usefulness in industry.

The solution became cloudiness on account of the precipitate formed.

7owing to due to 的用法区别。两者都是介词,但 owing to 是副词性复合介词,可作状语,而 due to 是形容词性复合介词,只能作表语。

7

Owing to his careless drivingwe had a bad accident.

The accident was due to careless driving.

8exceptexcept forbutapart from 等都表示“除……之外”的含义,但在用法上有细节上的差异。其中 except for 后面的所指可与前面所云可非同类,且有美中不足之义,but 不能用于句首,只能用在 noanyevery 等构成的合成词以及 allnone 等词之后,apart from 类似于 besides except for

8

All atoms except those of hydrogencontain one or more neutrons in the nuclei.

This machine is of a new type except for a few shortcomings here and there.

They chose none but the best.

None but strong acids are suitable for the reaction.

实际上在英语科技论文的撰写过程中,介词的使用既是重点又是难点,因为很多介词都有其基本用法,又有其许多例外情况,这里介绍的也只是常用介词中有限的几个。真正要掌握好介词的用法除了要熟悉它们的基本用法外,更要牢记它们的固定搭配,只有这样方能自如地、准确地使用介词。 

来源:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/61wiS3WMYt2VJnAhLwO9pQ